<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#222"><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 7.3.0">

  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-touch-icon-next.png">
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/favicon-32x32.ico">
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/favicon-16x16.ico">
  <link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/logo.svg" color="#222">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">



<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha256-wiz7ZSCn/btzhjKDQBms9Hx4sSeUYsDrTLg7roPstac=" crossorigin="anonymous">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.1.1/animate.min.css" integrity="sha256-PR7ttpcvz8qrF57fur/yAx1qXMFJeJFiA6pSzWi0OIE=" crossorigin="anonymous">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancyapps-ui/5.0.28/fancybox/fancybox.css" integrity="sha256-6cQIC71/iBIYXFK+0RHAvwmjwWzkWd+r7v/BX3/vZDc=" crossorigin="anonymous">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/pace/1.2.4/themes/green/pace-theme-minimal.css">
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/pace/1.2.4/pace.min.js" integrity="sha256-gqd7YTjg/BtfqWSwsJOvndl0Bxc8gFImLEkXQT8+qj0=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script class="next-config" data-name="main" type="application/json">{"hostname":"sumumm.github.io","root":"/","images":"/images","scheme":"Gemini","darkmode":false,"version":"8.19.2","exturl":false,"sidebar":{"position":"left","display":"post","padding":18,"offset":12},"copycode":{"enable":true,"style":"mac"},"fold":{"enable":true,"height":300},"bookmark":{"enable":false,"color":"#222","save":"auto"},"mediumzoom":false,"lazyload":true,"pangu":false,"comments":{"style":"tabs","active":null,"storage":true,"lazyload":false,"nav":null},"stickytabs":false,"motion":{"enable":true,"async":true,"transition":{"menu_item":"fadeInDown","post_block":"fadeIn","post_header":"fadeInDown","post_body":"fadeInDown","coll_header":"fadeInLeft","sidebar":"fadeInUp"}},"i18n":{"placeholder":"搜索...","empty":"没有找到任何搜索结果：${query}","hits_time":"找到 ${hits} 个搜索结果（用时 ${time} 毫秒）","hits":"找到 ${hits} 个搜索结果"},"path":"/search.xml","localsearch":{"enable":true,"trigger":"auto","top_n_per_article":1,"unescape":false,"preload":false}}</script><script src="/js/config.js"></script>

    <meta name="description" content="本文主要是makefile——文件搜索相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="LV02-05-Makefile-05-文件搜索">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://sumumm.github.io/post/3f885507.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="苏木">
<meta property="og:description" content="本文主要是makefile——文件搜索相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。">
<meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-03-23T05:56:06.000Z">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-06-13T16:25:56.990Z">
<meta property="article:author" content="苏木">
<meta property="article:tag" content="LV02-编译基础">
<meta property="article:tag" content="makefile">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">


<link rel="canonical" href="https://sumumm.github.io/post/3f885507.html">



<script class="next-config" data-name="page" type="application/json">{"sidebar":"","isHome":false,"isPost":true,"lang":"zh-CN","comments":true,"permalink":"https://sumumm.github.io/post/3f885507.html","path":"post/3f885507.html","title":"LV02-05-Makefile-05-文件搜索"}</script>

<script class="next-config" data-name="calendar" type="application/json">""</script>
<title>LV02-05-Makefile-05-文件搜索 | 苏木</title>
  








    <script src="/js/browser_tools_disable.js"></script>

  <noscript>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/noscript.css">
  </noscript>
<!-- hexo injector head_end start --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/hexo-next-tags-plus@latest/lib/tag_plus.css" media="defer" onload="this.media='all'"><!-- hexo injector head_end end --></head>

<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" class="use-motion">
  <div class="headband"></div>

  <main class="main">
    <div class="column">
      <header class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"><div class="site-brand-container">
  <div class="site-nav-toggle">
    <div class="toggle" aria-label="切换导航栏" role="button">
        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="site-meta">

    <a href="/" class="brand" rel="start">
      <i class="logo-line"></i>
      <p class="site-title">苏木</p>
      <i class="logo-line"></i>
    </a>
      <p class="site-subtitle" itemprop="description">我的学习之路</p>
  </div>

  <div class="site-nav-right">
    <div class="toggle popup-trigger" aria-label="搜索" role="button">
        <i class="fa fa-search fa-fw fa-lg"></i>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>



<nav class="site-nav">
  <ul class="main-menu menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-home"><a href="/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-home fa-fw"></i>苏木的家</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-categories"><a href="/categories/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-th fa-fw"></i>分类页<span class="badge">42</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-archives"><a href="/archives/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-archive fa-fw"></i>归档页<span class="badge">673</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-flink"><a href="/flink/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-link fa-fw"></i>友人帐</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-about"><a href="/about/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-user fa-fw"></i>关于我</a></li>
      <li class="menu-item menu-item-search">
        <a role="button" class="popup-trigger"><i class="fa fa-search fa-fw"></i>搜索
        </a>
      </li>
  </ul>
</nav>



  <div class="search-pop-overlay">
    <div class="popup search-popup"><div class="search-header">
  <span class="search-icon">
    <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
  </span>
  <div class="search-input-container">
    <input autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" maxlength="80"
           placeholder="搜索..." spellcheck="false"
           type="search" class="search-input">
  </div>
  <span class="popup-btn-close" role="button">
    <i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i>
  </span>
</div>
<div class="search-result-container no-result">
  <div class="search-result-icon">
    <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x"></i>
  </div>
</div>

    </div>
  </div>

</header>
        
  
  <aside class="sidebar">

    <div class="sidebar-inner sidebar-nav-active sidebar-toc-active">
      <ul class="sidebar-nav">
        <li class="sidebar-nav-toc">
          文章目录
        </li>
        <li class="sidebar-nav-overview">
          站点概览
        </li>
      </ul>

      <div class="sidebar-panel-container">
        <!--noindex-->
        <div class="post-toc-wrap sidebar-panel">
            <div class="post-toc animated"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81%E6%BA%90%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2"><span class="nav-text">一、源文件搜索</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-VPATH"><span class="nav-text">1. VPATH </span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-text">1.1使用格式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="nav-text">1.2使用实例</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-vpath"><span class="nav-text">2. vpath </span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-1%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-text">2.1使用格式</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-1-1%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84"><span class="nav-text">2.1.1设置搜索路径</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-1-2%E6%B8%85%E9%99%A4%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95"><span class="nav-text">2.1.2清除搜索目录</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-2%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="nav-text">2.2使用实例</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81%E5%A4%B4%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2"><span class="nav-text">二、头文件搜索</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-text">1.使用格式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B"><span class="nav-text">2.使用实例</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84"><span class="nav-text">三、生成文件路径</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84"><span class="nav-text">1.指定生成文件路径</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87"><span class="nav-text">1.1文件准备</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2%E4%B8%A4%E6%AC%A1%E8%AF%95%E9%94%99"><span class="nav-text">1.2两次试错</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2-1%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%951"><span class="nav-text">1.2.1测试1</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2-2%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%952"><span class="nav-text">1.2.2测试2</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3%E6%AD%A3%E7%A1%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-text">1.3正确的格式</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E6%9C%80%E7%BB%88%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84"><span class="nav-text">2.最终目标路径</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
        </div>
        <!--/noindex-->

        <div class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel">
          <div class="site-author animated" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
    <img class="site-author-image" itemprop="image" alt="苏木"
      src="/images/avatar.jpg">
  <p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">苏木</p>
  <div class="site-description" itemprop="description">莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天</div>
</div>
<div class="site-state-wrap animated">
  <nav class="site-state">
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
        <a href="/archives/">
          <span class="site-state-item-count">673</span>
          <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
        </a>
      </div>
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-categories">
          <a href="/categories/">
        <span class="site-state-item-count">42</span>
        <span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span></a>
      </div>
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
        <span class="site-state-item-count">43</span>
        <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span>
      </div>
  </nav>
</div>
  <div class="links-of-author animated">
      <span class="links-of-author-item">
        <a href="https://github.com/sumumm" title="GitHub → https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;sumumm" rel="noopener me" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-github fa-fw"></i>GitHub</a>
      </span>
  </div>

        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
  </aside>


    </div>

    <div class="main-inner post posts-expand">


  


<div class="post-block">
  
  

  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-content" lang="zh-CN">
    <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://sumumm.github.io/post/3f885507.html">

    <span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
      <meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.jpg">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="苏木">
    </span>

    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="苏木">
      <meta itemprop="description" content="莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天">
    </span>

    <span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="LV02-05-Makefile-05-文件搜索 | 苏木">
      <meta itemprop="description" content="">
    </span>
      <header class="post-header">
        <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
          LV02-05-Makefile-05-文件搜索
        </h1>

        <div class="post-meta-container">
          <div class="post-meta">
    <span class="post-meta-item">
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-calendar"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>

      <time title="创建时间：2022-03-23 13:56:06" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2022-03-23T13:56:06+08:00">2022-03-23</time>
    </span>
    <span class="post-meta-item">
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-folder"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span>
        <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
          <a href="/categories/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">嵌入式开发</span></a>
        </span>
          ，
        <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
          <a href="/categories/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">01HQ课程体系</span></a>
        </span>
          ，
        <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
          <a href="/categories/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">LV02-编译基础</span></a>
        </span>
    </span>

  
    <span class="post-meta-break"></span>
    <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数">
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-file-word"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span>
      <span>3.5k</span>
    </span>
    <span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长">
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-clock"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 &asymp;</span>
      <span>13 分钟</span>
    </span>
</div>

        </div>
      </header>

    
    
    
    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>本文主要是makefile——文件搜索相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<!-- Photo: https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/LV02-05-Makefile-05-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2/img/ -->

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">SecureCRT</td>        <td align="left">Version 8.7.2 (x64 build 2214)   -   正式版-2020年5月14日</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">STM32开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子战舰V3(STM32F103ZET6)</td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="center">参考方向  </td><td align="center">参考原文</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"> Makefile </td><td align="left"><a href="" target="_blank"> 跟我一起写Makefile <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">---</td>        <td align="left">--- <a href="" target="_blank">  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>



<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看文件搜索相关测试文件 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <p>各文件所在目录的结构如下：</p><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">├── main.c</span><br><span class="line">├── Makefile</span><br><span class="line">├── test1.c</span><br><span class="line">├── test1.h</span><br><span class="line">├── test2.c</span><br><span class="line">└── test2.h</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span> directories, <span class="number">6</span> files</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><div class="tabs" id="tabname1"><ul class="nav-tabs"><li class="tab active"><a href="#tabname1-1">main.c</a></li><li class="tab"><a href="#tabname1-2">test1.c</a></li><li class="tab"><a href="#tabname1-3">test2.c</a></li><li class="tab"><a href="#tabname1-4">test1.h</a></li><li class="tab"><a href="#tabname1-5">test2.h</a></li></ul><div class="tab-content"><div class="tab-pane active" id="tabname1-1"><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;test1.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;test2.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> argc, <span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">char</span> *argv[])</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;This is main file!\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	test1Fun();</span><br><span class="line">	test2Fun();</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><div class="tab-pane" id="tabname1-2"><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">test1Fun</span><span class="params">()</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;This is test1.c file\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><div class="tab-pane" id="tabname1-3"><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">test2Fun</span><span class="params">()</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;This is test2.c file\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><div class="tab-pane" id="tabname1-4"><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">ifndef</span> __TEST1_H__</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> __TEST1_H__</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">test1Fun</span><span class="params">()</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">endif</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><div class="tab-pane" id="tabname1-5"><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">ifndef</span> __TEST2_H__</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> __TEST2_H__</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">test2Fun</span><span class="params">()</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">endif</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div></div></div>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="一、源文件搜索"><a href="#一、源文件搜索" class="headerlink" title="一、源文件搜索"></a><font size=3>一、源文件搜索</font></h1><p>一般来说，一个大的工程下有大量的源文件，我们通常会把源文件分类，并存放在不同的目录中，便于查找和区分。所以，当  make  需要去找寻文件的依赖关系时，我们可以把一个路径告诉  make ，让  make  自动去找。</p>
<p>常见的搜索的方法的主要有两种：一般搜索 VPATH 和选择搜索 vpath 。表面上两者只是大小写的区别，其实两者在本质上也是不同的。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>VPATH  是变量，更具体的说是环境变量， Makefile  中的一种特殊变量，使用时需要指定文件的路径；</p>
</li>
<li><p>vpath  是关键字，按照模式搜索，也可以说成是选择搜索。搜索的时候不仅需要加上文件的路径，还需要加上相应限制的条件。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>【注意】 VPATH  与  vpath 仅仅是对于 Makefile 来说搜索目标和依赖文件的路径，但是<strong>对于命令行来说是无效</strong>的，也就是说，在执行 g++ 或者 gcc 时不会自动从 VPATH  或者 vpath 中自动搜索要包含的头文件等信息文件，这个时候就需要在命令行的命令中添加 -I 参数，以便于 gcc 等编译器寻找头文件。</p>
<h2 id="1-VPATH"><a href="#1-VPATH" class="headerlink" title="1. VPATH "></a><font size=3>1. VPATH </font></h2><h3 id="1-1使用格式"><a href="#1-1使用格式" class="headerlink" title="1.1使用格式"></a><font size=3>1.1使用格式</font></h3><p> VPATH 变量会告诉 make 去哪里寻找相应的文件，如果没有指明这个变量， make  只会在当前的目录中去找寻依赖文件和目标文件。如果定义了这个变量，那么， make  就会在当前目录找不到的时候，到所指定的目录中去找寻文件了。一般使用格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1.单个路径写法</span></span><br><span class="line">VPATH := src </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.多个路径写法</span></span><br><span class="line">VPATH := src1 ../src2</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 或者</span></span><br><span class="line">VPATH := src1 : ../src2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>上边多个路径的写法指明了两个目录， src1 和 ..&#x2F;src2 。</p>
<p>【注意】</p>
<p>（1）当前目录永远是最高优先搜索的地方。如果当前目录下有我们要使用的文件，那么  make  就会使用我们当前目录下的文件。</p>
<p>（2）多个路径之间要使用<strong>空格</strong>或者是<strong>冒号</strong>隔开，表示在多个路径下搜索文件，搜索的顺序为我们书写时的顺序。</p>
<h3 id="1-2使用实例"><a href="#1-2使用实例" class="headerlink" title="1.2使用实例"></a><font size=3>1.2使用实例</font></h3><p>我们使用上边的文件搜索相关测试文件来测试，我们新建两个目录，并将两个相关文件移动到指定目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir test1 test2</span><br><span class="line">mv test1.c test1</span><br><span class="line">mv test2.c test2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>所以现在的目录结构为：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">├── main.c</span><br><span class="line">├── Makefile</span><br><span class="line">├── test1</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test1.c</span><br><span class="line">├── test1.h</span><br><span class="line">├── test2</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test2.c</span><br><span class="line">└── test2.h</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2 directories, 6 files</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>不使用 VPATH 的 Makefile</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">OBJ := main.o test1.o test2.o</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">main: <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span></span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span> -o main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">%.o: %.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf *.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此时不出意外的话，我们会得到一条这样的报错信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gcc -c main.c -o main.o</span><br><span class="line">make: *** No rule to make target &#x27;test1.o&#x27;, needed by &#x27;main&#x27;。 停止。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>使用 VPATH 的 Makefile</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">OBJ := main.o test1.o test2.o</span><br><span class="line">VPATH := test1 test2</span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">main: <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span></span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span> -o main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">%.o: %.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf *.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此时我们再执行 make 命令，会得到如下的信息提示：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gcc -c test1/test1.c -o test1.o</span><br><span class="line">gcc -c test2/test2.c -o test2.o</span><br><span class="line">gcc main.o test1.o test2.o -o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以发现，我们正常编译了所有文件，总的来说当 .c 源文件都位于 test1 和 test2 目录下的时候， VPATH 就成了必要了。</p>
<h2 id="2-vpath"><a href="#2-vpath" class="headerlink" title="2. vpath "></a><font size=3>2. vpath </font></h2><h3 id="2-1使用格式"><a href="#2-1使用格式" class="headerlink" title="2.1使用格式"></a><font size=3>2.1使用格式</font></h3><p> vpath 关键字它可以指定不同的文件在不同的搜索目录中。它有三种使用方法：</p>
<h4 id="2-1-1设置搜索路径"><a href="#2-1-1设置搜索路径" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1设置搜索路径"></a><font size=3>2.1.1设置搜索路径</font></h4><figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1.单个路径</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> &lt;pattern&gt; &lt;dir&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2.多个路径</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> &lt;pattern&gt; &lt;dir1&gt; &lt;dir2&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 或者</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> &lt;pattern&gt; &lt;dir1&gt; : &lt;dir2&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>为符合模式 <pattern> 的文件指定搜索目录 <dir> 。例如，</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vpath test.c src # 在 src 路径下搜索文件 test.c</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>【说明】</p>
<p>（1） vapth  使用方法中的可以包含 % 字符。 % 的意思是匹配零或若干字符。例如，</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.h ../headers</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>该语句表示，要求  make  在 ..&#x2F;headers 目录下搜索所有以 .h 结尾的文件。（如果某文件在当前目录没有找到的话）。  </p>
<p>（2）可以连续地使用  vpath  语句，以指定不同搜索策略。如果连续的  vpath  语句中出现了相同的 &lt;pattern&gt; ，或是被重复了的 &lt;pattern&gt; ，那么， make  会按照  vpath  语句的先后顺序来执行搜索。例如，</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c foo</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %   blish</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c bar</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>表示搜索 .c 结尾的文件，先在 foo 目录，然后是 blish ，最后是 bar 目录搜索 .c 结尾的文件。</p>
<p>（3）还有一种搜索的形式</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c foo:bar</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> % blish</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>表示搜索 .c 结尾的文件，先在 foo 目录，然后是 bar 目录，最后才是 blish 目录。  </p>
<h4 id="2-1-2清除搜索目录"><a href="#2-1-2清除搜索目录" class="headerlink" title="2.1.2清除搜索目录"></a><font size=3>2.1.2清除搜索目录</font></h4><ul>
<li>格式一</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> &lt;pattern&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>清除符合模式 <pattern> 的文件的搜索目录。例如，</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> test.c <span class="comment"># 清除符合文件 test.c 的搜索目录。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>格式二</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>清除所有已被设置好了的文件搜索目录。</p>
<h3 id="2-2使用实例"><a href="#2-2使用实例" class="headerlink" title="2.2使用实例"></a><font size=3>2.2使用实例</font></h3><p>我们使用上边的文件搜索相关测试文件来测试，我们新建两个目录，并将两个相关文件移动到指定目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir test1 test2</span><br><span class="line">mv test1.c test1</span><br><span class="line">mv test2.c test2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>所以现在的目录结构为：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">├── main.c</span><br><span class="line">├── Makefile</span><br><span class="line">├── test1</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test1.c</span><br><span class="line">├── test1.h</span><br><span class="line">├── test2</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test2.c</span><br><span class="line">└── test2.h</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2 directories, 6 files</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们编写 Makefile 内容如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">OBJ = main.o test1.o test2.o</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c test1 test2</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可执行程序 main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">main: <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span></span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span> -o main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">%.o: %.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf *.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样，在进行编译的时候 make 就会到设置的路径下寻找源文件。</p>
<h1 id="二、头文件搜索"><a href="#二、头文件搜索" class="headerlink" title="二、头文件搜索"></a><font size=3>二、头文件搜索</font></h1><h2 id="1-使用格式"><a href="#1-使用格式" class="headerlink" title="1.使用格式"></a><font size=3>1.使用格式</font></h2><p>我们并不会把所有的头文件都跟 Makefile 文件放在一个目录下，当我们的头文件和调用这个头文件的源文件以及 Makefile 不在同一个目录怎么办呢，他们有可能分布在不同的好几个目录，这个时候我们设置的 VPATH 或者是 vpath 是无法查找 .h 文件的，这时候我们就要靠 gcc 的 -I 参数啦。一般格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gcc filename.c -o filename -I h_dir1 -I h_dir2 -I h_dir3 ... </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>h_dir 就表示相关头文件路径，可以跟多个，用空格分开，但是每个目录都要有 -I 这个参数。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-使用实例"><a href="#2-使用实例" class="headerlink" title="2.使用实例"></a><font size=3>2.使用实例</font></h2><p>我们使用上边的文件搜索相关测试文件来测试，我们新建两个目录，并将两个相关文件移动到指定目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir test1 test2 user</span><br><span class="line">mv test1.c test1.h test1</span><br><span class="line">mv test2.c test2.h test2</span><br><span class="line">mv main.c user</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>所以现在的目录结构为：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">├── Makefile</span><br><span class="line">├── test1</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── test1.c</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test1.h</span><br><span class="line">├── test2</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── test2.c</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test2.h</span><br><span class="line">└── user</span><br><span class="line">    └── main.c</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3 directories, 6 files</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们编写 Makefile 内容如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">OBJ     := main.o test1.o test2.o</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">INCLUDE := -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c user test1 test2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可执行程序 main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">main: <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span></span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span> -o main <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">%.o: %.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf *.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样，在进行编译的时候 make 就会到设置的路径下寻找源文件，编译的时候也会到指定目录下寻找头文件，我们执行 make 命令的话，会有如下信息提示：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gcc -c user/main.c -o main.o -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">gcc -c test1/test1.c -o test1.o -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">gcc -c test2/test2.c -o test2.o -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">gcc main.o test1.o test2.o -o main -I test1 -I test2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="三、生成文件路径"><a href="#三、生成文件路径" class="headerlink" title="三、生成文件路径"></a><font size=3>三、生成文件路径</font></h1><h2 id="1-指定生成文件路径"><a href="#1-指定生成文件路径" class="headerlink" title="1.指定生成文件路径"></a><font size=3>1.指定生成文件路径</font></h2><p>我们每次生成的一大堆的文件都是存放在当前目录下的，文件多了之后，就会看起来很乱，我们能否指定生成文件路径呢？当然是可以的啦。这里直接以实例来说明。</p>
<h3 id="1-1文件准备"><a href="#1-1文件准备" class="headerlink" title="1.1文件准备"></a><font size=3>1.1文件准备</font></h3><p>首先我们新建一个 obj 文件夹用于存放生成的 .o 中间文件。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir obj</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们使用上边的文件搜索相关测试文件来测试，我们新建两个目录，并将两个相关文件移动到指定目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir test1 test2 user</span><br><span class="line">mv test1.c test1.h test1</span><br><span class="line">mv test2.c test2.h test2</span><br><span class="line">mv main.c user</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>所以现在的目录结构为：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">├── Makefile</span><br><span class="line">├── obj</span><br><span class="line">├── test1</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── test1.c</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test1.h</span><br><span class="line">├── test2</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── test2.c</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test2.h</span><br><span class="line">└── user</span><br><span class="line">    └── main.c</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4 directories, 6 files</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="1-2两次试错"><a href="#1-2两次试错" class="headerlink" title="1.2两次试错"></a><font size=3>1.2两次试错</font></h3><h4 id="1-2-1测试1"><a href="#1-2-1测试1" class="headerlink" title="1.2.1测试1"></a><font size=3>1.2.1测试1</font></h4><p>我们编写 Makefile 内容如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">OBJ     := main.o  test1.o  test2.o</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">INCLUDE := -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">OBJDIR  := ./obj</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c user test1 test2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可执行程序 main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">main: <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span></span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span> -o main <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span>:<span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/%.o: %.c</span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">print:</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;OBJ = <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span>&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/*.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们执行 make 命令，会发现报了下边的错误：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Makefile:11: target &#x27;main.o&#x27; doesn&#x27;t match the target pattern</span><br><span class="line">Makefile:11: target &#x27;test1.o&#x27; doesn&#x27;t match the target pattern</span><br><span class="line">Makefile:11: target &#x27;test2.o&#x27; doesn&#x27;t match the target pattern</span><br><span class="line">gcc -c  -o main.o -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">gcc: fatal error: no input files</span><br><span class="line">compilation terminated.</span><br><span class="line">Makefile:12: recipe for target &#x27;main.o&#x27; failed</span><br><span class="line">make: *** [main.o] Error 1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们看报错的说明，就是生成 main 的时候，找不到它所依赖的 main.o 、 test1.o 和 test2.o ，并且在模式规则的匹配中，匹配也会有问题，我们来分析一下，我们拆开上边的模式规则，并将变量进行替换，可以得到：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">OBJ     := main.o  test1.o  test2.o</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">INCLUDE := -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">OBJDIR  := ./obj</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c user test1 test2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可执行程序 main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">main: main.o  test1.o  test2.o</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc main.o  test1.o  test2.o -o main <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">main.o:./obj/%.o:%.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">test1.o:./obj/%.o:%.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">test2.o:./obj/%.o:%.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/*.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们会发现， % 匹配的时候，前边的目标文件格式与后边匹配的不太一致，并且我们生成的 .o 文件是存放在 obj 目录下的， gcc 编译的时候是找不到这几个文件的。</p>
<h4 id="1-2-2测试2"><a href="#1-2-2测试2" class="headerlink" title="1.2.2测试2"></a><font size=3>1.2.2测试2</font></h4><p>我们可以修改如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">OBJ     := main.o  test1.o  test2.o</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">INCLUDE := -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">OBJDIR  := ./obj</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c user test1 test2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可执行程序 main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">main: ./obj/main.o  ./obj/test1.o  ./obj/test2.o</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc ./obj/main.o  ./obj/test1.o  ./obj/test2.o -o main <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">./obj/main.o:./obj/%.o:%.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">./obj/test1.o:./obj/%.o:%.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">./obj/test2.o:./obj/%.o:%.c</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/*.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们再执行 make 命令，会发现有如下提示：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gcc -c user/main.c -o obj/main.o -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">gcc -c test1/test1.c -o obj/test1.o -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">gcc -c test2/test2.c -o obj/test2.o -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">gcc ./obj/main.o  ./obj/test1.o  ./obj/test2.o -o main -I test1 -I test2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>此时文件结构如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">├── main</span><br><span class="line">├── Makefile</span><br><span class="line">├── obj</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── main.o</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── test1.o</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test2.o</span><br><span class="line">├── test1</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── test1.c</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test1.h</span><br><span class="line">├── test2</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── test2.c</span><br><span class="line">│   └── test2.h</span><br><span class="line">└── user</span><br><span class="line">    └── main.c</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>发现，生成的中间文件全部进入了 obj 目录。</p>
<h3 id="1-3正确的格式"><a href="#1-3正确的格式" class="headerlink" title="1.3正确的格式"></a><font size=3>1.3正确的格式</font></h3><p>经过前边的试错，我们可以将 Makefile 写成如下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">INCLUDE := -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">OBJDIR  := ./obj</span><br><span class="line">OBJ     := <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/main.o  <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/test1.o  <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/test2.o</span><br><span class="line">TARGET  := main</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c user test1 test2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可执行程序 main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$(TARGET)</span>: <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span>:<span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/%.o:%.c</span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/*.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样的 Makefile 就简洁了很多了。</p>
<h2 id="2-最终目标路径"><a href="#2-最终目标路径" class="headerlink" title="2.最终目标路径"></a><font size=3>2.最终目标路径</font></h2><p>上边我们已经把中间文件的路径设置过了，那还有最终生成的目标文件的，但其实也没什么必要，毕竟最终生成的文件只有一个，也不会很乱，不过这里还是记录一下吧，我们只需要在写目标文件的时候加上路径就可以了：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">INCLUDE := -I test1 -I test2</span><br><span class="line">OBJDIR  := ./obj</span><br><span class="line">OBJ     := <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/main.o  <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/test1.o  <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/test2.o</span><br><span class="line">TARGET  := ./bin/main</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">vpath</span> %.c user test1 test2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可执行程序 main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$(TARGET)</span>: <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span></span><br><span class="line">	gcc <span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$(OBJ)</span>:<span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/%.o:%.c</span><br><span class="line">	gcc -c <span class="variable">$&lt;</span> -o <span class="variable">$@</span> <span class="variable">$(INCLUDE)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf <span class="variable">$(OBJDIR)</span>/*.o main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样我们最终生成目标文件为 main ，并且，它将会被存放到 .&#x2F;bin 目录下。</p>

    </div>

    
    
    

    <footer class="post-footer">




    <div>
        
            <div style="text-align:center;color: #ccc;font-size:14px;">
            ----------本文结束
            <i class="fas fa-fan fa-spin" style="color: #FF1493; font-size: 1rem"></i>
            感谢您的阅读----------
            </div>
        
    </div>





  
  <div class="my_post_copyright"> 
    <p><span>文章标题:</span><a href="/post/3f885507.html">LV02-05-Makefile-05-文件搜索</a></p>
    <p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="欢迎访问 《苏木》 的学习笔记">苏木</a></p>
    <p><span>发布时间:</span>2022年03月23日 - 13:56</p>
    <p><span>最后更新:</span>2025年06月14日 - 00:25</p>
    <p><span>原始链接:</span><a href="/post/3f885507.html" title="LV02-05-Makefile-05-文件搜索">https://sumumm.github.io/post/3f885507.html</a></p>
    <p><span>许可协议:</span><i class="fab fa-creative-commons"></i> <a rel="license" href= "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" target="_blank" title="Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)">署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际</a> 转载请保留原文链接及作者。</p>  
  </div>
  


          <div class="post-tags">
              <a href="/tags/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/" rel="tag"><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> LV02-编译基础</a>
              <a href="/tags/makefile/" rel="tag"><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> makefile</a>
          </div>

        

          <div class="post-nav">
            <div class="post-nav-item">
                <a href="/post/35083dd3.html" rel="prev" title="LV02-05-Makefile-06-文件包含和嵌套执行">
                  <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> LV02-05-Makefile-06-文件包含和嵌套执行
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="post-nav-item">
                <a href="/post/3ceab76e.html" rel="next" title="LV02-05-Makefile-04-隐含规则和模式规则">
                  LV02-05-Makefile-04-隐含规则和模式规则 <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
                </a>
            </div>
          </div>
    </footer>
  </article>
</div>






</div>
  </main>

  <footer class="footer">
    <div class="footer-inner">

  <div class="copyright">
    &copy; 2017 – 
    <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2025</span>
    <span class="with-love">
      <i class="fa fa-heart"></i>
    </span>
    <span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">苏木</span>
  </div>
<div class="wordcount">
  <span class="post-meta-item">
    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
      <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
    </span>
      <span>站点总字数：</span>
    <span title="站点总字数">3.7m</span>
  </span>
  <span class="post-meta-item">
    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
      <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
    </span>
      <span>站点阅读时长 &asymp;</span>
    <span title="站点阅读时长">225:26</span>
  </span>
</div>




    <span id="sitetime"></span>
    <script defer language=javascript>
        function siteTime()
        {
            window.setTimeout("siteTime()", 1000);
            var seconds = 1000;
            var minutes = seconds * 60;
            var hours = minutes * 60;
            var days = hours * 24;
            var years = days * 365;
            var today = new Date();
            var todayYear = today.getFullYear();
            var todayMonth = today.getMonth()+1;
            var todayDate = today.getDate();
            var todayHour = today.getHours();
            var todayMinute = today.getMinutes();
            var todaySecond = today.getSeconds();
            /*==================================================
            Date.UTC() -- 返回date对象距世界标准时间(UTC)1970年1月1日午夜之间的毫秒数(时间戳)
            year        - 作为date对象的年份，为4位年份值
            month       - 0-11之间的整数，做为date对象的月份
            day         - 1-31之间的整数，做为date对象的天数
            hours       - 0(午夜24点)-23之间的整数，做为date对象的小时数
            minutes     - 0-59之间的整数，做为date对象的分钟数
            seconds     - 0-59之间的整数，做为date对象的秒数
            microseconds - 0-999之间的整数，做为date对象的毫秒数
            ==================================================*/
            var t1 = Date.UTC(2017, 
                              5, 
                              19, 
                              0, 
                              0, 
                              0); //北京时间
            var t2 = Date.UTC(todayYear,todayMonth,todayDate,todayHour,todayMinute,todaySecond);
            var diff = t2-t1;
            var diffYears = Math.floor(diff/years);
            var diffDays = Math.floor((diff/days)-diffYears*365);
            var diffHours = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days)/hours);
            var diffMinutes = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days-diffHours*hours)/minutes);
            var diffSeconds = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days-diffHours*hours-diffMinutes*minutes)/seconds);
            document.getElementById("sitetime").innerHTML="已在这里 "+diffYears+" 年 "+diffDays+" 天 "+diffHours+" 小时 "+diffMinutes+" 分钟 "+diffSeconds+" 秒";
        }
        siteTime();
    </script>



    </div>
  </footer>

  
  <div class="back-to-top" role="button" aria-label="返回顶部">
    <i class="fa fa-arrow-up fa-lg"></i>
    <span>0%</span>
  </div>
  <div class="reading-progress-bar"></div>

<noscript>
  <div class="noscript-warning">Theme NexT works best with JavaScript enabled</div>
</noscript>


  
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animejs/3.2.1/anime.min.js" integrity="sha256-XL2inqUJaslATFnHdJOi9GfQ60on8Wx1C2H8DYiN1xY=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/next-theme-pjax/0.6.0/pjax.min.js" integrity="sha256-vxLn1tSKWD4dqbMRyv940UYw4sXgMtYcK6reefzZrao=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancyapps-ui/5.0.28/fancybox/fancybox.umd.js" integrity="sha256-ytMJGN3toR+a84u7g7NuHm91VIR06Q41kMWDr2pq7Zo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lozad.js/1.16.0/lozad.min.js" integrity="sha256-mOFREFhqmHeQbXpK2lp4nA3qooVgACfh88fpJftLBbc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="/js/comments.js"></script><script src="/js/utils.js"></script><script src="/js/motion.js"></script><script src="/js/next-boot.js"></script><script src="/js/pjax.js"></script>

  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/hexo-generator-searchdb/1.4.1/search.js" integrity="sha256-1kfA5uHPf65M5cphT2dvymhkuyHPQp5A53EGZOnOLmc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="/js/third-party/search/local-search.js"></script>




  <script src="/js/third-party/fancybox.js"></script>

  <script src="/js/third-party/pace.js"></script>


  




  

  <script class="next-config" data-name="enableMath" type="application/json">false</script><script class="next-config" data-name="mathjax" type="application/json">{"enable":true,"tags":"none","js":{"url":"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js","integrity":"sha256-MASABpB4tYktI2Oitl4t+78w/lyA+D7b/s9GEP0JOGI="}}</script>
<script src="/js/third-party/math/mathjax.js"></script>


 
        <div id="click-show-text"
            data-mobile = false
            data-text = 富强,民主,文明,和谐,自由,平等,公正,法制,爱国,敬业,诚信,友善
            data-fontsize = 15px
            data-random= false>
        </div>
       

      
        <script async src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/hexo-next-mouse-effect@latest/click/showText.js></script>
      

      
    




    <script async src="/js/fancybox_param.js"></script>





<!-- APlayer本体 -->



</body>
</html>
